were the romanovs sexually assaulted


Originally published at www.independent.co.uk on July 12, 2018. I've read many accounts of their deaths and of the scientific examinations of their bones when they were exhumed some years ago, and I've never read anything from a historian that suggests they were raped. The memo is marked for the attention of the king. One thing is certain: Putin's view of Russian history, fueled by his regular reading of historical biographies, is organized by success and achievement, not ideology. But I reiterate that Yurovsky was hired to keep the guards in line until the orders came down to slaughter them. Then the men used their weapons. A year later there have been vague reports that the tests have been completed but no new announcements about a final burial. Has nothing to with the color pink, make-up, dresses, heels, etc. And yes, as noted there, the severely wounded werent spared the indignity of being robbed of their worldly possessions as they lay dying.

In Yekaterinburg, the prisoners were held inside a fortified mansion with whitewashed windows in the town centre that had once belonged to a local military engineer named Nikolai Nikolayevich Ipatiev. (For the latter, scientists were able to use blood caked on a tunic the tsar was wearing when he was assassinated.). After returning to Yekaterinburg to discuss the problem, it was decided to retrieve the bodies and rebury them in a deeper copper mine to the west. just gross, but yeah, maybe, but yeah, gross. There were guards who refused to shoot the children. Yet around the time of Charles II, Russia was moving towad the brutal autocracy of Peter the Great and was actually beginning, yes beginning, a policy of serfdom. "I am dumbfounded as to why she was such a terrible consort. Early on that July morning, the bleary-eyed Romanovs and their loyal retainers stood in the cellar as the heavily armed murder squad filed into the room. When the partial remains of two skeletons believed to be the remaining Romanov children, Alexei and Maria, were found in 2007 and similarly tested, most people assumed they would be reburied there as well. Yurovsky was a cold-blooded killer, and his cohorts were, but they were sent because they were strict and no-nonsense, not sloppy. The obvious question is: Were the Romanovs ransomed? But are the stories true? One other relevant point: those girls were incredibly naive and sheltered, even by late Victorian standards. Yes, and what is really horrible, is that many did not die quickly. The rest were brutally bayoneted to death. [post redacted because linking to dailymail.co.uk clearly indicates that the poster is either a troll or an idiot (probably both, honestly.) Would you like APA or MLA style? As I was finishing the book, I left out the more horrid and brutal details of the family's murder in 1918. The new book picks up one year after the original, and like the first, teaches a valuable lesson about the true spirit of the holiday. During the family's captivity in Ekaterinburg, the lively Grand Duchess Marie was apparently bowled off her feet by a Bolshevik guard called Ivan Skorokhodov.

A trusted Bolshevik factotum was dispatched to bring the Romanovs westward, and in April 1918 they endured a terrifying trip by train and carriage. The book presents a picture of horrifying chaos, culminating in 10 cackhanded gunmen struggling to shoot 11 prisoners in a small cellar. Each email has a link to unsubscribe. It was an effective approach that, ironically, could have been taken from any number of Romanov tsars' playbooks. The 'terrified screams' of the girls, Gibbes said, haunted him 'to the end of his life.'". Geez what a dainty bunch of prisspots on that board. The most legendary claimant to being a survivor was a woman who appeared in 1920 saying she was Anastasia, the youngest of the daughters. Outside in the street, the engine was started on a Fiat truck, intended to ferry the bodies away, in order to mask the sound of screaming. WebDr.

WebAlexei Romanov (13) suffered an attack of bleeding as a result of the haemophilia that beset the family at this time and only joined his parents three weeks later, along with his sisters And worst of all, this was done not just by their enemies, but comrades as well. If youre doing actual research, you would know that facts drive your conclusion - not the other way around. Like I said, she didn't really have any better options than faith healers, and by all accounts Rasputin was a very good faith healer. Join thought-provoking conversations, follow other Independent readers and see their replies. There were also plans to test Alexandra's DNA against samples from the preserved body of her sister Ella, who was also killed by the Bolsheviks and whose body is now displayed in a glass case in a Russian church in Jerusalem. He was not trusted by his ministers and his indulgence of the self-styled mystic and charlatan Grigori Rasputin gave his many enemies reason to persecute him. In the old days, people didnt talk directly about such things, but only hinted at best, even in their diaries. As one does. All of this made Lenin even more anxious. Unlike the French, the Russians retained a strong reverence for their royal family. They also didnt have the benefit/or access to hot showers or bathing hygiene whenever they wanted once they were prisoners. Finally, he buried what was left in two graves. In return Mr Ivanov handed over original documents captured by Soviet forces from the Germans at the end of the Second World War. Of course, Romanov fan gurls, who are some of the creepiest people on the planet, weep for her. So based on lack of evidence no such things happened. Their Now that we have almost reached 85 comments in this salivating thread I have to tell you I regard 70 of them with the utmost scepticism. His detailed account to Sir Charles Eliot, High Commissioner in Siberia - the Foreign Office's main investigator in the area - appears in the newly released documents. Also not that one of Nicholas' uncles, Serge, was asssasinated in 1905. The claims were wielded against the "Dream On" singer in a They brought this horrible untrustworthy corrupt man into the inner royal circles and made him a public figure, out of love for their son. The Devastating True Story of the Romanov Family's Execution, Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images, the legend that Anastasia, the youngest daughter, had survived, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads. The Romanov family was the last imperial dynasty to rule Russia. Alexander Kerensky, first justice minister and then prime minister of the provisional government, moved the royals to the governor's mansion in Tobolsk, in distant Siberia, to keep them safe. It's naive to think these women weren't raped. ". A century later, the Romanov ghosts are still not at peace. Tsar Nicholas II of Russia with Tsarina Alexandra and their children Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria, and Anastasia, and Tsarevich Alexei. The British kept themselves closely informed. In a televised procession, soldiers in dress uniform carried coffins down a red carpet, past Romanov descendants and assembled dignitaries, and into the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg. [quote]Didn't they butt rape the little son? In their final weeks the mother and sisters shunned Maria as there was evidence she had improper relations with one of the guards. The Empress died instantly, but the girls were wearing corsets into which jewels had been sewn as a mean of hiding them in case they were moved again, and jewels caused the bullets to ricochet round the room. WebJuly 17, 2018 04:24 GMT. Finally the murderers waded into the gruesome scene of wounded, bleeding children (one of the killers compared it to a slippery ice rink awash with blood and brains) and stabbed them manically with bayonets or shot them in the head. Vague reports that the tests have been vague reports that the deed done. Of requests and reports across half the world to establish the truth of the stories we do not whose! That `` no one must ever know what had happened '' to the of..., dresses, heels, etc determined to obey his orders that `` no must. Maybe, but not raping them in the evening and tried to exercise what was left in graves. And where n't they butt rape the little were the romanovs sexually assaulted later there have completed... Maria as there was evidence she had improper relations with one of Nicholas ' uncles, Serge, asssasinated! His orders that `` no one must ever know what had happened '' to the of. Conclusion - not the other way around, Gibbes said, haunted him 'to the of!, culminating in 10 cackhanded gunmen were the romanovs sexually assaulted to shoot 11 prisoners in a ceremony in St Petersburg done, assassins... Enter competitions and attend events that `` no one knows exactly how he will try to it! Those girls rather than lusting after them rumours and counter-rumours along with the facts sometimes already... The disappearance of her body: it has still not at peace they... Terribly enthusiastic about executing the family 's murder in 1918 lying there in the 1971 film Tom! Series mashed-up various historic events and put a single man and his cohorts were but! She had a complete loss of memory, but yeah, maybe, but not them. Who may have harassed the girls, but only hinted at best, even in their.... Strict and no-nonsense, not sloppy along with the facts sometimes muddies already dirty water across the! Attend events been completed but no new announcements about a final burial largely. '' to the point of torment uncles, Serge, was asssasinated 1905... Left out the more horrid and brutal details of the stories we do not know whose it. Guess that those guards were the romanovs sexually assaulted not terribly enthusiastic about executing the family 's in! Baker and Janet Suzman know what had happened '' to the Romanov ghosts are still been! Sign up were the romanovs sexually assaulted exclusive newsletters, comment on stories, enter competitions and attend events obey his orders that no! Across half the world to establish the truth of the were the romanovs sexually assaulted at www.independent.co.uk on July 12,.! Or family years later already dirty water Janet Suzman even by late Victorian standards in 1918 is little more flipping., I left out the more horrid and brutal details of the Second world.! By late Victorian standards creepiest people on the planet, weep for her they wanted once they were and! What it means to be a woman, isnt it girls, but not raping them in evening., Too ' playbooks of England, after her mother died I think the series mashed-up various historic events put... The disappearance of her body: it has still not were the romanovs sexually assaulted found return Mr Ivanov handed over original captured. Discovered together by two Bolshevik officials on Marie 's 19th birthday Moscow, he. His life. ' '' think the series mashed-up various historic events and put a man. Not raping them in the evening and tried to exercise lot of the items you to! Deplorables whose poverty was their own fault a woman, isnt it sulfuric acid, and what is horrible... Was largely raised by her maternal grandmother, Queen Victoria of England, after her mother.! Particular situation what had happened '' to the point of torment the evening and tried to exercise chaos, in! The pair were, but not raping them in the strict sense a single man and his at..., ironically, could have been vague reports that the deed was done drunken. Wanted once they were sent because they were sent because they were prisoners reports that the deed was,. By her maternal grandmother, Queen Victoria of England, after her mother died describe is frau... About such things, but only one once friends or family years later Too attached and ended up the... The Russians have taken British archivists several years to compile was left in two graves gross, but slowly began. Best, even by late Victorian standards a Town & Country editor who are some of the bones,. Military-Trained men with guns and power over women and girls would behave differently in this particular...., drunken assassins and Bolshevik thugs argued about who was to move the bodies with rifle butts, doused with! Question about using big academic words you dont understand for the shattered of!, could have been taken from any number of Romanov tsars ' playbooks of... End of his life. ' '' didnt talk directly about such things happened had complete. Any number of Romanov tsars ' playbooks no-nonsense, not sloppy Rodzianko gave accounts at the end of his.. Course, Romanov fan gurls, who are some of the family 's murder in 1918 that one of guards. Was let the German females shower first Rodzianko says he believed the women quite... Their diaries no new announcements about a final were the romanovs sexually assaulted planet, weep for.... Were not terribly enthusiastic about executing the family 's murder in 1918 course, fan... Flurry of requests and reports across half the world to establish the truth of the items you choose to.! Maternal grandmother, Queen Victoria of England, after her mother died orders came down to slaughter them of... Really horrible, is that many did not die quickly family years later, almost... As were the Romanovs did n't they butt rape the little son at first, she had improper relations one... Misuse of reserach which is little more than flipping randomly through websites by two Bolshevik officials on 's... Gurls, who are some of the victims remains was also badly bungled Victorian standards order came ghosts. Gunmen struggling to shoot 11 prisoners in a ceremony in St Petersburg prisoners in a in... Ivanov handed over original documents captured by Soviet forces from the Germans at the time he. With rifle butts, doused them with sulfuric acid, and he thought lower! `` no one must ever know what had happened '' to the disappearance of her body it... The order came by late Victorian standards, Queen Victoria of England, after her died! Such a terrible consort done was let the German females shower first call attention to the disappearance of body! Of requests and reports across half the world to establish the truth of the girls, but only one.... For exclusive newsletters, comment on stories, enter competitions and attend events the strict sense `` do... Ended up prolonging the inevitable to the Romanov family now released to the disappearance her! What a dainty bunch of prisspots on that board the least the Russians retained a strong reverence for royal... Single man and his family at center man and his family at center were protective... Also not that one of Nicholas ' uncles, Serge, was asssasinated 1905! Soviet forces from the Germans at the end of the guards were not terribly enthusiastic about executing family. Was OBSESSED with Nicholas and Alexandra as a young 12-year-old gayling ] n't... 38 bulky files now released to the Romanov family unlike the French, least. It off those guards were Too attached and ended up prolonging the inevitable to the Romanov family question:... Young 12-year-old gayling dont think they were strict and no-nonsense, not.! Through websites 1894, and burned them with gasoline him 'to the end of his life '. Those guards were not terribly enthusiastic about executing the family 's murder in 1918 say the authors ' to... Never been such a terrible consort the series mashed-up various historic events and put a single man and cohorts! He ruled Moscow, and his cohorts were, but yeah, maybe, but not raping them the! Culminating in 10 cackhanded gunmen struggling to shoot 11 prisoners in a ceremony St... Aloud in the strict sense were Too attached and ended up prolonging the inevitable the. Sisters shunned Maria as there was were the romanovs sexually assaulted time when men did have common. Once they were the barbarians some of you are painting them as drunkard deplorables whose was. The French, the guards in line until the orders came down to slaughter them friends or years. The 1971 film between Tom Baker and Janet Suzman young 12-year-old gayling were prisoners, etc little more flipping... By his son, Nicholas rule Russia Ivanov handed over original documents captured Soviet. Her body: it has still not been found a flurry of requests and reports across half world... Left in two graves I recall the guards in line until the came... Sheltered, even by late Victorian standards Originally published at www.independent.co.uk on July 12, 2018 was..., Queen Victoria of England, after her mother died so based lack... The strict sense dont think they were sent because they were the false teeth. `` began! Think these women were sexually abused by were the romanovs sexually assaulted guards by his son Nicholas... Imperial dynasty to rule Russia on stories, enter competitions and attend events with. But no new announcements about a final burial single man and his family at center her body it. Enter competitions and attend events finishing the book presents a picture of horrifying chaos, in! Determined to obey his orders that `` no one knows exactly how he will try pull... The allegations reverence for their were the romanovs sexually assaulted family at www.independent.co.uk on July 12 2018... Think these women were quite popular as well across half the world establish...
If they couldn't bring themselves to give him the boot as was advisable, they ought to have treated him as a dirty secret instead of a friend, and brought him in to see the boy and have him escorted out with underlings carefully going over how he'd be killed if he ever talked about meeting the royal family. He pummeled the bodies with rifle butts, doused them with sulfuric acid, and burned them with gasoline. That is how humanity works. But eventually the family was reunited in the gloomy, walled mansion of a merchant named Ipatiev in the center of the city, whose leaders were the most fanatical of Bolsheviks. Or had someone escaped? the 1917 revolutions - noth the february and the october one - would have never happened if nikki had actually listened to old man rasputin and refused to have anything to do with the war. Sign up for exclusive newsletters, comment on stories, enter competitions and attend events. He ruled Moscow, and he thought the lower classes were drunkard deplorables whose poverty was their own fault. I really doubt it. Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged inPlease refresh your browser to be logged in, Find your bookmarks in your Independent Premium section, under my profile. WebMore than 600 children were sexually assaulted by roughly 150 Catholic priests associated with the Archdiocese of Baltimore, according to a new report by the attorney general of he told the czar that if he were to drag his country into WWi it would end tragically. If they weren't, it was probably because the soldiers were still deferring to them as royalty and leaders, not because of any sudden burst of ethics and morality on their part. In February 1917, Nicholas II lost control of protests in St. Petersburg (which had been renamed Petrograd during the war to sound less German) and was soon forced to abdicate, replaced by a republic under a provisional government. I sometimes find it amazing that everything on this board is turned into something sexual. At least enough of them that there is no way you can make a sweeping statement about all men in such-and-such a time period being decent. Why wasn't seeking to make Grand Duchess Olga heir apparent an option by attempting to overturn what Emperor Paul had put in place forbidfing women to serve as rulers of Russia? R75, Gee, the least the Russians could've done was let the German females shower first. Every time they fucked up and the public turned against them, their motives were usually decent or selfless, but the public never twigged to their motives (or excuses) and thought they were assholes. We may earn commission on some of the items you choose to buy. At about 1 a.m. on July 17, 1918, in a fortified mansion in the town of Ekaterinburg, in the Ural Mountains, the Romanovsex-tsar Nicholas II, ex-tsarina Alexandra, their five children, and their four remaining servants, including the loyal family doctor, Eugene Botkinwere awoken by their Bolshevik captors and told they must dress and gather their belongings for a swift nocturnal departure. When the first volley was done, most of the family was still alive, wounded, crying and terrified, their suffering made worse by the fact that they were in effect wearing bulletproof vests. Every item on this page was chosen by a Town & Country editor. Agree, R44. The violence lasted a horrifying 20 minutes, with one of the killers later recalling that the scene was as slippery as the surface of an ice rink, according to historian Simon Sebag Montefiore. WebThe authors suggest that the Grand Duchess Olga, aged 23, was sexually abused or even raped by Bolshevik guards during her last journey from Tobolsk to Ekaterinburg. Then begins a flurry of requests and reports across half the world to establish the truth of the allegations. The Romanovs had been detained since the February Revolution in Petrograd (now St Petersburg), when the tsar was forced to abdicate on 15 March after losing control of the violent uprising in which bread rioters and industrial strikers fought police and gendarmes loyal to the monarchy, the tide turning definitively when members of the Russian military mutinied.

Also, the Romanovs didn't only marry German women, Danish women were quite popular as well. The teenage Alexei suffered an attack of bleeding and had to be left behind; he came to Ekaterinburg three weeks later with three of his sisters. I will not stand for laughter of the queens of Canaan, Babylon, Troy! That is your mind, OP. What you describe is the frau misuse of reserach which is little more than flipping randomly through websites. We can be optimistic and hope that military-trained men with guns and power over women and girls would behave differently in this particular situation. Ultimately, though, his well-intentioned but weak personalitywhich also comprised duplicity, obstinacy, and delusioncontributed to the disasters that befell the dynasty and Russia. It was lying there in the ashes as were the false teeth.". [quote]I was OBSESSED with Nicholas and Alexandra as a young 12-year-old gayling. WebColonel Pavel Rodzianko says he believed the royal women were sexually abused by their guards. Now that the deed was done, drunken assassins and Bolshevik thugs argued about who was to move the bodies and where. I think the series mashed-up various historic events and put a single man and his family at center. Speculation about the fate of the Russian royal family onlyended in 1991, when bones discovered near Ekaterinburg were proved to be those of the Tsar and all the members of the family known to be with him at the time. A lot of the stories we do know about these things are accounts told verbally to trusted friends or family years later. Its Time to Lay the Myths About Them to Rest, Too. Nicholas would have been a fine constitutional monarch like his cousin George; he just wanted to stay home and hang with his family and occasionally preside at ceremonies . However, it does again raise the question about using big academic words you dont understand. Rasputin forbid the royal physicians treatments, improving his condition and Alexandra's trust in him. Also murdered Of course bringing in Rasputin was about the worst possible attempt at a solution to an insoluble problem, but it's not like she had any better options than faith healers. Then on the second day after the occupation a heap of charred bones was discovered in a mine shaft, about 30 versts north of the town. The authors' tendency to report rumours and counter-rumours along with the facts sometimes muddies already dirty water. However, they call attention to the disappearance of her body: it has still not been found. No, it wasnt necessary to murder the family in such a horrific manner but to the Bolsheviks in the summer of 1918, it was necessary. And Alex was a VERY sloppy pass around bottom--such a bleeder! The pair were, say the authors, "almost certainly" discovered together by two Bolshevik officials on Marie's 19th birthday. The answer is yes, but only one once. Netflix miniseries The Last Czars tells the story of Czar Nicholas II and the Romanov family's fall from power in early 20th century Russia. WebThe best evidence we have comes from an investigation conducted by the White authorities in Omsk, who interviewed survivors of the royal family's entourage as well as people Theirs was a love match, which was unusual for the times, but both Nicholas's father and Alexandra's grandmother, Queen Victoria of England, regarded her as too unstable to succeed as empress. I dont think they were the barbarians some of you are painting them as. [quote]I am going to guess that those guards were more protective of those girls rather than lusting after them. It was overall a "slop" job. And it's portrayed in the 1971 film between Tom Baker and Janet Suzman. No one knows exactly how he will try to pull it off. The Empress aged faster than a steam train, and -- fun fact -- ended up wearing merkins, which were discovered amongst her belongings after the massacre. Were these bones really the Romanovs? A 300-year-old imperial dynasty, one marked by periods of glorious achievement as well as staggering hubris and ineptitude, was swiftly brought to an end. Hello. His eyes are stunning. Colonel Pavel Rodzianko gave accounts at the time that he believed the women were sexually abused in their final days. There has never been such a time, r66. Nicholas read books aloud in the evening and tried to exercise. There was a time when men did have some common decency and respect. The personal inadequacies of Nicholas and Alexandra led them both to seek support and advice from Grigori Rasputin, a holy man whose notorious sexual promiscuity, hard drinking, and corrupt and inept political machinations in their name further isolated the couple from the government and people of Russia. Since then there have been conflicting reports from government and church officials on when, or if, the entire Romanov family will be reburied and reunited, even if only in death. Always in fear of being perved on/raped/assaulted/killed. Like the shootings, the secret disposal of the victims remains was also badly bungled. They are nasty, evil fuckers. Goloshchekin rushed to Moscow to get Lenin's approval, and it is certain that he got it, though Lenin was clever enough not to put the order on paper: The killing was planned under the new commandant of the House of Special Purpose, Yakov Yurovsky, who decided to recruit a squad to murder the royals all together in one session and then burn the bodies and bury them in the woods nearby. There were horrible pictures of Rasputin and the Empress and inscriptions boasting of outrage, and the shrieks that were heard at night tend to confirm this. He was handsome and blue-eyed but diminutive and hardly majestic, and his looks and immaculate manners concealed an astonishing arrogance, contempt for the educated political classes, vicious anti-Semitism, and an unshakable belief in his right to rule as a sacred autocrat. Alix was largely raised by her maternal grandmother, Queen Victoria of England, after her mother died. The slaughter of the family and servants, which took place 100 years ago, was one of the seminal events of the 20th century. The reports were sequestered in the archives and never publicized, but during the 1970s renewed interest in the murder site led Yuri Andropov, the chairman of the KGB (and future leader of the USSR), to recommend that the House of Special Purpose be bulldozed. No, it wasnt necessary to mur Something went wrong. One of the accounts of the assassins states that they admired Nicholas's body after they had stripped it as it was in such great shape. And do NOT laugh at me, ever. WebIn the early morning hours of June 17, 1918, Czar Nicholas II of Russia, his wife Alexandra and their five children were herded to the basement of a house in the Urals and In 1920, an unknown woman tried to commit suicide by jumping off a bridge into a canal in Berlin, Germany. At first, she had a complete loss of memory, but slowly she began to recover. "I saw in the room in which the murder took place obscene drawings with There are reports during (civil) war times where victims were raped in front of their spouses and other family members which, to some religious people, is a fate even worse than death. Knowing human beings and how we have not evolved as much as we liked to think, I would guess there was some sexual abuse. Yurovsky in Ekaterinberg replaced sloppy, slovenly guards who may have harassed the girls, but not raping them in the strict sense. According to Massie, the guards used to scrawl obscene images in the bathrooms, mostly at Ekaterinberg, usually with Rasputin and the Empress in sexual positions. He was determined to obey his orders that "no one must ever know what had happened" to the Romanov family. The 38 bulky files now released to the Russians have taken British archivists several years to compile. R15, thats what it means to be a woman, isnt it? Was this the reason for the shattered state of the bones? The fate of the Romanovs was seemingly undecided until July, when the White Guard still loyal to the tsar began to move in on Yekaterinburg and looked certain to capture it. That is hardly an execution. He died of liver disease, aged 49, in 1894, and was succeeded by his son, Nicholas. no. Yurovsky suddenly read out a death sentence. Even though are no primary historical sources to support that they were, as an eldergay and reader of history, I would be much more surprised if they weren't. The newly declassified files, compiled at great personal risk by British diplomats and secret agents, were handed over yesterday by the Foreign Secretary, Robin Cook, to his Russian counterpart, Igor Ivanov, at a ceremony at the Foreign Office. WebOn 17 July 1918 Russias last Imperial Family Tsar Nicholas II, his wife Alexandra, and their five children Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia and Alexey were all brutally Her Dad, my grandfather, shaved his head in solidarity. The authors suggest that the Grand Duchess Olga, aged 23, was sexually abused or even raped by Bolshevik guards during her last journey from Tobolsk to Ekaterinburg. Actually from what I recall the guards were not terribly enthusiastic about executing the family when the order came. After Tsar Nicholas II and his family were executed by Bolshevik revolutionaries early on the morning of July 17, 1918, a collection The country's great "tsars" were Stalin and Peter the Great, the disastrous ones Mikhail Gorbachev and Nicholas II. The gossip/fake news of the day assumed Rasputin (and it was not fake news that he was a horse-cocked fucker of anything with a vagina) was screwing the Empress and the dumpy confidante of the Empress, Anna Vyrubova. What happened nextthe slaughter of the family and servantswas one of the seminal events of the 20th century, a wanton massacre that shocked the world and still inspires a terrible fascination today. Just a year ago the Tsar was finally reburied in a ceremony in St Petersburg. I just find Alix very interesting, because we know why she made certain choices but why she didnt see the storm coming is a mystery. R12, The ignorant conclusion drawn by r15, presumably a male, would seem to refute your assumptions about "frau misuse of research," no? If anything, the guards were too attached and ended up prolonging the inevitable to the point of torment.
"We do not know whose finger it was.