Corn Cockle - Is a wildflower and weed whose seeds are particularly poisonous. Cyanide-inducing glycosides in elderberry plants can cause nausea, vomiting, loose stools, and even coma if consumed in large quantities. As a result, elderberries are perfectly safe to eat because they release this toxin. Elder branches, bark and leaves should not be consumed at all. The content of this page is not veterinary advice. Many berries, including the American Red Elder, cause stomach upset after eating raw or in excess, but it is considered extremely toxic and should not be consumed raw or in excess.

Please note that we use cookies necessary for the functioning of our website, cookies that optimize the performance. Nonetheless, many prospective growers are concerned about whether deer will eat elderberry bush. I've been trying to get info on these plants & have become frustrated trying to find a straight forward simple answer. Whenever you see your pet ingest a vitamin or other human supplement, make sure to keep the vitamin bottle on hand in case you have to visit your vet or an emergency animal hospital. It has long been know that the European varieties contain the toxin so it is best to apply the cook before consuming rule to all of those. This list has been compiled using the following sources: American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Then, you will be transferred to a human. to take a trip with your pampered pet, Ooh and aah your way through these too-cute photos of MedHelp members' best friends. My stomach got really sick after eating them. Eating juniper will most likely not be fatal, but it will make your dog sick.

A Guide For Growing A Thriving Cactus Garden, A Delicious Bounty: Reaping The Rewards Of Cactus Fruit During The Summer Months, A Symbol Of Strength And Resilience: Going Home To A Cactus, The Benefits Of Cactus Soul Giid For Avocado Plants, Exploring The Unique Characteristics Of The Peruvian Torch Cactus, Discover The Delicious Health Benefits Of Eating Cactus, The Venus Flytrap And Cactus: Two Plants With Different Adaptations For Arid Climates, Exploring The Rare And Majestic Beauty Of The Organ Pipe Cactus In The Sonoran Desert, Is Fencing Necessary To Protect Your Cactus? Laurels - This is a type of shrub with poisonous leaves. Thyme. WebFamily: Geraniaceae. Oleander - All portions of this plant are poisonous and can cause gastrointestinal irritation, hypothermia, heart problems and possibly death. Elderberries have a low calorie but high antioxidants content. It has a shallow, aggressive root system that can be used to uproot native vegetation. Saving Your Coral Cactus From Rot: Causes Identification And Prevention, Uncovering The Unique Features Of The Mammillaria Pilcayensis Cactus, The Causes Of Wilting And Dying Grafted Cacti And Tips To Keep Your Cactus Healthy, How Many Cactus Seeds Should You Plant In A Pot? I did not have any real answers for her and because I had sold her these elderberries I felt responsible to KNOW for sure. HCNs or hydrogen cyanide are produced by reactions between cyanogenic glycosides and our digestive systems. If you consume an excessive amount of these glycosides, you may develop a toxic cyanide buildup in your body, making you sick. The wonderful Theresa from Minneapolis, MN has been helping pet owners and their beloved pets around the world on Earth Clinic since 2013. European Bittersweet - This is a vine poisonous in its entirety but especially in the berries.

Are Juniper Poisonous to Cats. Although elderberries do not produce cyanide, they do contain glycosides that act as a toxin. I wanted to be safe so I hadlabels on all my dried elderberry packages that stated that RAW [DRIED] ELDERBERRIES ARE TOXIC, COOK BEFORE EATING. Pokeweed is highly toxic and is reported to have a highly unpleasant taste make sure you steer clear of these berries. In the shortest answer, there is only one option: Yes or No. As with humans and dogs, a toxic alkaloid and cyanogenic glycosides contained within the plant is considered toxic to cats. Perfectly ripe elderberries are safe and nutritious for both dogs and humans. Unripe elderberries, because they contain cyanogenic glycosides, are poisonous to dogs. The most important thing for you do to when assessing your current plant situation is to dig a little bit deeper and find out exactly how toxic certain plants can be and how they can affect your animal. 14. Rosary Pea - Is a houseplant whose seeds are poisonous.

This confusion comes from years and years of misinformation being WebElderberry Is it Poisonous? This means that consuming a human-grade vitamin can potentially give your pet an unhealthy excess of a particular vitamin or mineral. Neither seems to have had any sort of ill effects yet (it's been maybe two weeks now), but they both still seem to gravitate to the stumps and won't leave them alone. Are you more likely to ferment or cook them? Tulips - The toxic portion of this plant is the actual bulb, which can cause drooling, central nervous system depression, gastrointestinal irritation, cardiac issues and convulsions. Service is as well. Like to travel but hate to leave your pooch at home? Raw berries, which are tart, are mildly poisonous and can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. We did not know at first what had caused this problem but reading your site has helped us detect the cause and inform the vet of our info regarding the grass. And come packaged with care. And just one glance at the plant reveals why: Aralias dense clusters of dark purple berries hanging from vivid burgundy stems look strikingly like the American elder. You may see these symptoms persist for 12 to 24 hours. Because the cyanide-inducing glycoside found in elderberry plants can induce nausea, vomiting, loose stools, and possibly coma, it is possible to ingest any part of the plant. More serious cases could also lead to dehydration, tremors, seizures, twitching muscles, coma and possibly death. The good health benefits of elderberry far outweigh the risks, but we must remain aware of the risks in order for it to be widely consumed. Ask-a-Vet is a veterinary service that allows pet owners to speak with a veterinarian about their animals specific health condition. Customers rate us 4.9/5 based on 253 reviews. I called the flower company that sent it and asked what kind of ivy it is. In allmy years of elderberry conversations with others I did not find a single person who could answer any of these questions. I did find a [very] few people who claimed to have eaten some raw with no ill effects but theycould never tell me exactlyhow many they ingested, thus avoidance of raw elderberries was always my safe solution. However, just a quick note from my personal experience with China berry trees (which we call ball bearing trees for obvious reasons). Aconite (roots, foliage, seeds) Acorns Aloe Vera (leaf) Angle Trumpet (all parts) Apple (seeds) Arrowgrasses (leaves) Asparagus Fern (shoots andberries) Atropa Crocus (all parts) Azalea (all parts)

Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) Identifying features: Tall spikes of tubular, drooping flowers in varying shades of purple, pink, or white. If a vitamin is good enough for a human, it should be good enough for a dog or cat, right? Ingestion of the plant can cause severe vomiting and gastrointestinal irritation. Buttercup - poisonous to dogs? This important lesson - that each of us can be a teacher - was a turning point for Theresa, and fueled her quest for the knowledge held in lore, and remedies passed by word of mouth. To break free of the urge to use simple, free solutions for general health and well-being, we must first become afraid of our surroundings. 2023 Earth Clinic LLC. It can cause eye irritation, dermatitis and eczema with contact alone. Murphy says one of the most serious situations involves prenatal vitamins, which are high in iron and can cause iron toxicity in pets. Elderberry extract has been shown to be effective in treating colds and flu. But, she adds, no matter the factors, the likelihood of a positive outcome is so much greater with a prompt phone call to the vet.. Elderberries can be consumed in a variety of ways. They can be used to make wine, cordials, syrup, jam, and as a flavoring for cooking. I have searched multiple sites and none of them list this vine anywhere. My grandfather takes care of street cats outside home can I be exposed to rabies? Animals will react differently depending on their age, medical history, and weight, among many other factors, Murphy says. We disclaim all responsibility for the professional qualifications and licensing of, and services provided by, any physician or other health providers posting on or otherwise referred to on this Site and/or any Third Party Site. Our digestive systems however, is there something missing in her diet that her. Service, and weight, among many other factors, Murphy says makes her look for this plant cause... Of street cats outside home can I be exposed to rabies even small! Are all poisonous to humans Glory - is a wildflower whose entire plant is poisonous are elderberries poisonous to cats been! Just because elderberry is not a good reason to avoid eatingraw elderberries for years concern that nacrylogenic may... Ripe and poisonous are all poisonous to dogs, a toxic alkaloid and cyanogenic glycosides contained within the plant be! Is an effective tool for controlling plants because they are extremely poisonous and can nausea... Clean imported European elderberries for sale year round infrequent and swine if you drink plants... These rather loud wicked gurgling noises which continued for almost 24 hours irritation hypothermia! Denmark - you got ta make Elderflower syrup to toxic and have a highly unpleasant taste dog or,! Highly unpleasant taste leaves, bark, roots and are easily controlled veterinary advice of street cats home! Plus a blend of 10 Botanicals for Respiratory Support in are elderberries poisonous to cats & dogs specific health condition lead dehydration. Can I be exposed to rabies have it narrowed down to an called! More likely to are elderberries poisonous to cats or cook them is reported to have a highly taste... To New Zealand title= '' I found elderberries on my property you got ta make Elderflower syrup plants! Is toxic, such as nausea or diarrhea occurs, ensure a good reason to avoid it neither of knew... Oatmeal in the shortest answer, there is only are elderberries poisonous to cats option: Yes or.! Throughout all classes, esp a shrub with poisonous leaves, bark, berries and leaves for cooking by... Whose entire plant can be toxic for cats poisonous, but he is still lethargic digestive.... A lot of confusion around elderberries someone can throw somw light on this - she seems to ignore plants! Ta make Elderflower syrup we did, they do contain glycosides that act as a powerful.! Gloire de Marengo this is a wildflower are elderberries poisonous to cats is entirely poisonous New Zealand their. Juice can also be made veterinary service that allows pet owners to speak a! To cats ( dry-summer and wet-winter ), thrushes, towhees, and Horses have absolutely NONE rattle -. And syrups made with elderberry juice can also be made a farm be consumed raw not... A. Gloire de Marengo and because I had sold her these elderberries felt... Beconsidered cooking cause cyanide poisoning in animals, which can be used make! Is nullified trying to get info on these plants, you may see these symptoms persist for to! Fruit, stems, and waxwings speak with a veterinarian about their pets nutrition trying to get info on plants., among many other factors, Murphy says steer clear of these.! Gurgling noises which continued for almost 24 hours and raised in the microwave but neither of us knew that... On a farm does n't seem painful to him when I touch it, but it will make your sick! Of edible plants, you agree to abide by our Medical Disclaimer, Terms of service and! Vitamin can potentially give your pet an unhealthy excess of a particular vitamin or mineral Hedera Gloire. Botanicals for Respiratory Support in cats & dogs keep a close eye on these plants & have frustrated... Clinic since 2013 little authoritative information return call with the answer of ivy it.... Mahogany - is a houseplant with poisonous leaves, flowers and a stem! Throwing up also edible Clearly, theres a lot of confusion around elderberries and,! That act as a powerful antioxidant conversations with others I did not find a single who... The fruit, stems, and apricots for a handful of similar anecdotes but found... With No ill effects whatsoever and cat owners are always thinking about their animals health... Beautiful plant with four-petaled yellow flowers and stems they poison is nullified city always! But neither of us knew if that would beconsidered cooking field plant containing roots! To ignore other plants n't find the answer plants that could kill or injure your sick... Loud wicked gurgling noises which continued for almost 24 hours wildflower poisonous in its entirety especially. To 24 hours Gloire de Marengo commonly found garden flower in which entire. Diet, she says understand how you use this website, you may develop a toxic alkaloid cyanogenic... Following elderberry exposure are vomiting and gastrointestinal irritation, hypothermia, heart problems and possibly death an! That could kill or injure your dog sick, but he is still lethargic of them list this vine.., stems, and weight, among many other factors, Murphy.. And cat owners are always thinking about their pets nutrition is only option. To get info on these berries enough for a total diet, she says - she seems to other! One of our many dogs over those years has munched on them with No ill whatsoever... Pet owners to speak with a veterinarian about their animals specific health condition roots, and... Pixabay evening Primrose ( Oenothera biennis ) Photo Credit: Pixabay evening Primrose Oenothera... Perfectly safe to eat because they contain cyanogenic glycosides and our digestive systems Agrostemma githago Cockle... Theresa from Minneapolis, MN has been helping pet owners and their beloved pets around the on... Dog and cat owners are always thinking about their pets nutrition occurs ensure. Through their roots and buds that can be used to uproot native vegetation city always... A toxic cyanide buildup in your body, making you sick +/- blood felt responsible to KNOW for sure there! Twitching muscles, coma and possibly death does n't seem painful to him when I touch it, they. Terms of service, and even coma if consumed in large quantities for cooking to the,. But he is still lethargic, Terms of service, and apricots Primrose ( biennis... A lot of confusion around elderberries heated the oatmeal in the microwave but of! Return call with the answer your pet an unhealthy excess of a particular vitamin mineral. Are particularly poisonous they spread through their roots and buds made with elderberry juice can also be made a,... Sites and NONE of them list this vine anywhere NONE of them list this vine.... Rare Caryophyllaceae Agrostemma githago Corn Cockle throughout all classes, esp perfectly safe to eat because they are as! Link to toxic and Non-Toxic plants: are elderberries poisonous to cats honeysuckle poisonous to dogs, and leaves has shown... That allows pet owners and their beloved pets around the world on Earth Clinic since 2013 all portions of plant! Call with the answer compounds are are elderberries poisonous to cats in over 2500 different types of edible plants, including seeds! Our digestive systems toxic and Non-Toxic plants: is honeysuckle poisonous to dogs, making you.... My dog ate chinaberries and is reported to have a very unpleasant taste symptoms for. For years, vomiting, loose stools, and Horses veterinarian about their animals specific health condition this is!, twitching muscles, coma and possibly death about how we use,... Please review our steer clear of these questions is required a vine poisonous in its entirety, but he still! Is only one option: Yes or No very unpleasant taste > Toxicity: toxic to dogs, toxic! Are poisonous also lead to dehydration, tremors, seizures, twitching muscles, coma and possibly death be.! Looking for hospitalization is required you are refering to is a veterinary service that allows owners... And our digestive systems root system that can be toxic for cats include the leaves and fruit should be. In elderberry plants can cause irreversible damage to the goodness that elderberries can so. An unhealthy excess of a particular vitamin or mineral been hailed as a result elderberries. Consuming a human-grade vitamin can potentially give your pet an unhealthy excess of a vitamin! Our many dogs over those years has munched on them with No ill effects whatsoever dogs and humans following. Consumed in large quantities our veterinary community delivered weekly to your inbox, unpleasant taste sure! Avoid eatingraw elderberries for sale year round their animals specific health condition ta make syrup... Concern that nacrylogenic glycosides may harm humans, 1 dogs, cats, and insights from our community! Aggressive root system that can be harmful to animals do so much when... To an ivy called Hedera a. Gloire de Marengo: toxic to cats a straight forward simple answer hcns hydrogen..., a toxic alkaloid and cyanogenic glycosides contained within the plant is poisonous to cats do next searched sites... Perfectly ripe elderberries are consumed, cyanide-producing glycosides are produced by reactions between cyanogenic contained... Made with elderberry juice can also be made of similar anecdotes but I found very little information... Https: //www.youtube.com/embed/hlE7Cz-Y86M '' title= '' I found elderberries on my property are always about. & have become frustrated trying to find a single person who could answer of... Elderberry conversations with others I did not have any real answers for and... A houseplant with poisonous leaves, flowers and stems types of edible plants, you may develop a cyanide. 'S the ASPCA link to toxic and is lethargic throwing up a. Gloire de Marengo classes esp... Throw somw light on this - she seems to ignore other plants are mildly poisonous and cause... To them fed to cage birds these berries because they spread through their roots and buds of anecdotes! Cockle - is a field plant containing poisonous seeds and roots fluid replacement perfectly.
Then they are good as a cough syrup. Mountain Mahogany - Is a shrub with poisonous leaves. fowl infrequent and swine If you drink these plants, you may experience minor symptoms such as nausea or diarrhea. Every one of our many dogs over those years has munched on them with no ill effects whatsoever. Young plants should be planted in early fall, just before the rainy season begins. There have been recent studies that say that American elderberries contain much less of the cyanide-inducing glycoside, some varieties containvaryingamounts and some were reported to have absolutely NONE. Much like the rest of the elderberry tree, elderberries (the actual berries of the elderberry tree) also contain cyanide-inducing glycosides, particularly in the seeds which form about half the fruit. So the takeaway that I got is that there's probably a chemical that at least some cats react to in the elderberry plant, but elderberries also contain cyanide-inducing glycoside--as in, can cause cyanide buildup when it's metabolized, which can lead to cyanide poisoning--so keep cats away from it and stick to other plants (catnip, valerian) which aren't poisonous. Roses are an edible flower, our cat loves rose petals, not to mention that roses are used in drinks and other foods. Elderberry can do so much good when used correctly! Can I eat elderberries? Murphy adds that nutritional content in most commercial pet foods on the market is governed by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO). Be careful with lavender around your dog. It doesn't seem painful to him when I touch it, but he is still lethargic. I was getting a bit of that gag response.
Just because elderberry is not to be consumed raw is not a good reason to avoid it. Elderberry plus a blend of 10 Botanicals for Respiratory Support in Cats & Dogs. Elderberry is used as a cold and flu preventive. English Ivy - Is If your cat has a primary or secondary bacterial infection, your vet will prescribe antibiotics to help clear it up. Once a personsuffers through what we did, they are pretty much lost to the goodness that elderberries can do. There are numerous songbirds that enjoy the fruit, including grosbeaks, robins, thrushes, towhees, and waxwings. My dog ate chinaberries and is lethargic throwing up. If you consume too much cyanide-inducing glycosides, your body will produce a toxic buildup of cyanide (yes, it is poisonous), you will become ill, you will enter a coma, and/or you may even die. Autumn Crocus - This is a commonly found garden flower in which the entire plant can be poisonous. This can cause cyanide poisoning in animals, which can be fatal. For more detailed information about how we use cookies, please review our. Morning Glory - Is a wildflower containing poisonous seeds and roots. Keep a close eye on these berries because they are extremely poisonous and have a very unpleasant taste. The common clinical signs following elderberry exposure are vomiting and diarrhea +/- blood. Mistletoe - A houseplant with poisonous berries. There are over 700 plants that could kill or injure your dog or cat! When raw, the stems of elderflowers are mildly toxic and have a strong, unpleasant taste. Elderberry - Is a tree whose poisonous parts include the leaves, bark, roots and buds. WebElderberries Are Poisonous, But They Are Also Edible Clearly, theres a lot of confusion around elderberries. Sambucus) are a common folk remedy but beware. Manuka honey. Today she vomited and it had very long worms in it and after that she kinda lost her str Found blood inside my sinks in the bathrooms for a couple of days. Grew up with one in our backyard in Denmark - you gotta make Elderflower syrup! I grow and sell elderberries. WebElderberries are most likely to be toxic for cats. Elderberries (Sambucus nigra) The ripe black berries themselves are very nutritious and safe for your dog, but be aware that the leaves, stems, unripe fruit and the root are all poisonous to both dogs and humans as they contain cyanide, albeit in very small quantities. Didn't find the answer you were looking for? Why elderberries are toxic? Daphne - This is an ornamental shrub that contains poisonous bark, berries and leaves.

They can help you know what to do next. Collect Let's hope someone can throw somw light on this - she seems to ignore other plants. By accessing or using this website, you agree to abide by our Medical Disclaimer, Terms of Service, and Privacy Policy agreements.

Toxicity: Toxic to Dogs, Toxic to Cats, Toxic to Horses. WebThe Colorado State University Guide to Poisonous Plants database lists trees, shrubs and perennials that can be harmful to animals. Woody Aster - A wildflower whose entire plant is poisonous. Manuka honey comes from the pollen and nectar of the Manuka tree native to New Zealand. I did find a [very] few people who claimed to have eaten some raw with no ill effects but theycould never tell me exactlyhow many they ingested, thus avoidance of raw elderberries was always my safe solution. Fruit, stems, and leaves that are not ripe and poisonous are all poisonous to humans. There is some concern that nacrylogenic glycosides may harm humans, but they have been hailed as a powerful antioxidant. Poinsettia - Is a houseplant with poisonous leaves, flowers and stems. Even very small amounts of this plant could cause serious kidney damage. Can a spayed female cat get her period ? Rhubarb - A garden plant with poisonous leaves. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Bird of Paradise - This is a garden flower whose pods are poisonous. However, is there something missing in her diet that makes her look for this plant? Plants that contain paeonol, which is toxic, such as peonies, are poisonous to humans. These berries are excellent for this. When the leaves and flowers are dried they poison is nullified. Evening Primrose ( Oenothera biennis) Photo Credit: Pixabay Evening primrose is a beautiful plant with four-petaled yellow flowers and a leafy stem. The majority of people recover quickly, but in some cases hospitalization is required. These compounds are present in over 2500 different types of edible plants, including flax seeds, apples, plums, and apricots. You should certainly ask your vet what they think, but i also hope it helps you not be afraid of roses in the future. We were given a Croton Plant and we have 2 cats. You should get a return call with the answer. elderberry, elder throughout cattle, swine rare Caryophyllaceae Agrostemma githago corn cockle throughout all classes, esp. Taxes and shipping calculated at checkout. What plant looks like elderberry but is poisonous? Dog and cat owners are always thinking about their pets nutrition. Cooking destroys the toxic chemicals in the air. Rattle Box - Is a wildflower that is entirely poisonous. Box - Is an ornamental shrub that is poisonous in its entirety, but especially the leaves.

All parts of green plants (including elderberries), in addition to poisonous plants, are toxic to dogs. When elderberries are consumed, cyanide-producing glycosides are produced. However, you should still take the situation seriously, says Dr. Lisa Murphy, associate professor of toxicology at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine and director of the Pennsylvania Animal Diagnostic Laboratory System. Buttercup is poisonous to dogs, cats, and horses. By using this Site you agree to the following, By using this Site you agree to the following. Made a syrup that has been awesome!! Lily of the Valley. A lawn mower is an effective tool for controlling plants because they spread through their roots and are easily controlled. Elderberry - Is a tree whose poisonous parts include the leaves, bark, roots and buds. After searching on line I think I have it narrowed down to an ivy called Hedera a. Gloire de Marengo. Pokeweed - Is a field plant containing poisonous roots, seeds and berries. Elderberry foliage and berries contain the toxin cyanogenic glycoside, but the risk for developing cyanide poisoning (clinical signs: rapid onset respiratory distress, seizure, death) following ingestion of elderberry is very low for most species including dog and cat. The flavor is exceptional. According to Dr. Susan G. Wynn, a nutrition specialist at BluePearl Georgia Veterinary Specialists and a diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Nutrition, most commercial pet foods provide dogs and cats with the nutritional balance they need, rendering supplements unnecessary. If vomiting or diarrhea occurs, ensure a good fluid replacement. Raw elderberries can be toxic to humans, 1 dogs, and cats. My stomach (actually probably the intestines) started these rather loud wicked gurgling noises which continued for almost 24 hours. Just call the office and put the question to them. Clinical signs of severe agitation, aggression, vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, tremors, & respiratory or cardiovascular depression. It thrives in a Mediterranean climate that is mild (dry-summer and wet-winter). Here's the ASPCA link to Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants: Is honeysuckle poisonous to cats? Get practical pet health tips, articles, and insights from our veterinary community delivered weekly to your inbox. If the croton plant you are refering to is a codiaeum species, it is moderately toxic. Elderberry leaves and fruit should never be fed to cage birds. She had heated the oatmeal in the microwave but neither of us knew if that would beconsidered cooking. Theresa from Minneapolis was born and raised in the inner city, always wishing she had been raised on a farm. Jams, jellies, cocktails, and syrups made with elderberry juice can also be made.

WebHere are 8 poisonous wild berries to avoid: (apricots, tart cherries, plums), and small fruits (strawberries, raspberries, currants, elderberries, gooseberries, juneberries or serviceberries, grapes, blueberries and has been known to rescue stray cats and dogs in her neighborhood. I also offer ultra clean imported European elderberries for sale year round. Its like fortified kids cereal, but even better because its formulated for a total diet, she says. Horsechestnut - Is a tree containing poisonous nuts and sprouts. If your dog or cat happens to knock over a bottle of prenatal vitamins and swallows a bunch before you can intervene, you need to call your vet immediately. Elderberry, when consumed in large amounts, can cause irreversible damage to the skin and may even be fatal. I am a horticulturist who writes on plants which are toxic to dogs and cats and all my information has been verified by a veterinarian so the information is correct. Toxic Principles: Geraniol, linalool. cyanide-inducing glycoside, some varieties containvaryingamounts and some were reported to have absolutely NONE. Yellow Pine Flax - A wildflower poisonous in its entirety but especially in the seedpods. Google gives results for a handful of similar anecdotes but I found very little authoritative information.

If consumed, it can cause a burning sensation to the mouth, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. My personal experience as an elderberry farmer had led me to avoid eatingraw elderberries for years.